ESTIMATION OF KI-67 EXPRESSION IN GINGIVAL TISSUES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS WITH AND WITHOUT CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

Neetha, Sownderya et al.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Non-histone nuclear protein Ki-67 is expressed in proliferating cells during all active phases of the cell cycle; elevated expression of Ki-67 has been observed in several inflammatory and malignant conditions. It could potentially be considered the most precise markers for determining the tissue growth stage. Hence, the aim of this present study is to compare Ki-67 expression in gingival tissues of smokers and non-smokers with or without chronic periodontitis by immunohistochemistry.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Gingival biopsies from 40 participants, divided into four groups (non-smokers without chronic periodontitis (A), non-smokers with chronic periodontitis (B), smokers without chronic periodontitis (C), and smokers with chronic periodontitis (D)), were analysed. Ki-67 expression, inflammatory cell infiltrate, connective tissue density, and dysplasia features were assessed using immunohistochemistry and H&E staining. Mean and standard deviation were calculated, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

The smokers with periodontitis group had a greater mean number of Ki-67 positive cells per field. Comparison of Ki-67 cells per field between groups showed statistically significant differences between Group D and the first three groups. Additionally, H&E staining revealed epithelial dysplasia in Group D, supporting the immunohistochemistry findings.

CONCLUSION

The results indicate that smoking affects the cell cycle of the periodontium, with dysplastic features observed in patients with chronic periodontitis. Given these risks, it is crucial to implement comprehensive smoking cessation programs, including professional counselling and education on oral hygiene. Teaching patients how to maintain their oral health can help mitigate the adverse effects of smoking and improve periodontal health.