KNOWLEDGE LEVELS OF ORAL CANCER AND PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS IN THE DENTAL COMMUNITY
Abstract
Background: Oral cancer (OC) and precancerous lesions significantly influence overall health and quality of life. Early detection is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality, yet delays in diagnosis contribute to poorer outcomes. A study in Saudi Arabia indicated gaps in dental students' awareness of risk factors associated with OC, highlighting the need for a broader investigation within the dental community. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate dental students, interns and general dentists’ knowledge and awareness of oral cancer and the precancerous lesions it refers to, and associated risk factors, in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was carried out in KSA, from July to December 2024. Dental students, interns and practitioners were included as participants. A structured 28 question questionnaire was then distributed encompassing demographics, knowledge of risk factors and knowledge of oral precancerous lesions and cancer. The results were robust with a targeted minimum of 700 participants. Results: A total of 256 participants completed the survey, consisting of 86.7% female and 23.7 years with a mean age. However, findings found that 89.1% identified tobacco as a high risk for OC, but only 42.2% linked poor fruit and vegetable intake. 71.1% recognized ultraviolet exposure as a risk factor. 68.8% had a low overall knowledge of oral cancer risk factors, 52.3% identified leukoplakia (a very common precancerous lesion), and alarmingly, only 31.2% correctly identified the sites at risk of cancer. Despite a high call for mandating oral cancer screenings (87.5%), only 21.1% felt prepared to perform them. Conclusion: There are still large knowledge level gaps concerning OC and precancerous conditions among Saudi Arabia’s dental professionals, particularly regarding the lack of signs and symptoms of OC and the role of lifestyle factors in prevention. There are gaps in knowledge even with a strong desire for more education and training in this area. Targeted educational interventions within the dental community are needed to improve early detection and promote healthier public health outcomes.