DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS ASSESSMENT AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS IN SAUDI ARABIA

Abstract

Background: Diabetes, a persistent metabolic disorder impacting a vast global population, poses substantial public health hurdles and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality, Among the complications associated with diabetes are retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropath, Diabetic nephropathy, a serious consequence of diabetes affecting 45% of individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, Knowledge and awareness of Diabetic nephropathy risk factors symptoms and complications can enhance the mortality and morbidity of the disease. Objective: To assess knowledge and awareness level of diabetic nephropathy risk factor, symptoms and complications among Diabetic patient in KSA.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2024 - December 2024 in Saudi Arabia. The research was conducted on individuals in Saudi Arabia who have been diagnosed with diabetes, with participants recruited in 2024 from those who were completing the questionnaire. the inclusion criteria for this study were as follows:  All Saudi males and females over 18 years. non-Saudi's, less than 18 years were excluded from this study.The minimum target sample size is 384 was calculated using a formula based on prevalence estimation, 95% confidence level, and 5% acceptable error.

Results: The study assessed diabetic nephropathy knowledge and awareness among 416 diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. Participants averaged 43.5 years old, with a majority being female (58.2%) and well-educated (45% held at least a bachelor's degree). Notably, 94.7% recognized the potential for preventing diabetic nephropathy, and 97.4% understood the importance of early detection. However, 25% were unaware that untreated diabetic nephropathy could lead to anemia. Awareness of risk factors was high, with 82% acknowledging hereditary links. Importantly, 69.3% favored screening at diagnosis, highlighting a proactive approach to managing diabetes complications. Knowledge significantly correlated with gender, occupational status, and region. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the knowledge and awareness of diabetic nephropathy among diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. While a significant proportion of participants demonstrated awareness of the condition and its risk factors, gaps in knowledge and follow-up care were identified