KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS ON METFORMIN IN SAUDI ARABIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent health concern globally, with Saudi Arabia also experiencing a high burden of this metabolic disorder. Metformin stands out as the recommended first-line treatment for diabetes due to its proven efficacy and safety profile. However, it is important to note that the use of metformin has been linked to an increased risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, a vital nutrient essential for optimal blood cell production, cognitive function, and cardiovascular health. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of diabetic patients regarding metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency and its implications on overall health. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on diabetes patients taking the medication Metformin in Saudi Arabia. The study took place over a 6-month period from July to December 2024. Participants for the study were recruited through social media platforms. Data was gathered from the participants using structured questionnaires. Results: In a cross-sectional study involving 518 diabetic patients on metformin in Saudi Arabia, findings revealed significant gaps in knowledge and awareness of vitamin B12 deficiency. While 68.5% of participants recognized the risk of deficiency, a troubling 75.1% were unaware of the underlying mechanisms. Despite high awareness of vitamin B12 (87.1%), misconceptions persisted, with nearly half incorrectly believing it derives from plant sources. Only 10.4% exhibited high awareness of deficiency risk, and 62.4% had vital knowledge of its health impacts. Notably, awareness correlated significantly with demographic factors such as age, education, and occupational status, highlighting the need for targeted educational interventions. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the critical need for enhanced educational initiatives targeting diabetic patients on metformin to improve their understanding of vitamin B12 deficiency and its implications for health.