KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS LEVEL OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS IN SAUDI ARABIA

Abstract

Background: Since diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are the two most common and preventable non-communicable diseases in Saudi Arabia, there is currently little information available regarding how well the evidence linking the two conditions is applied in Saudi Arabian diabetic patients. 

Objective: The study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of periodontal disease among diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. 

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted between July - December 2024 in Saudi Arabia based on a structured questionnaire developed by the authors. The study plans to acquire individuals from around Saudi Arabia; a sample recruiting approach on Google Forms. Diabetic patients from Saudi Arabia were the inclusion criteria. Males and females over 18, diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia, individuals with or without knowledge of periodontal diseases, and those who consent to participate in the study and respond to the questionnaire. Male and female patients under the age of 18, non-Saudi diabetics, and non-diabetic patients were all excluded. According to a calculation based on prevalence estimation, a 95% confidence level, and a 5% acceptable error, the minimum target sample size is 384.

Results: The study found that a significant majority of respondents (84.2%) were aware of the link between gum health and diabetes, and 85.0% acknowledge that diabetes increases the risk of periodontal disease, indicating a solid foundational understanding. Moreover, 93.2% recognize the importance of routine dental check-ups for managing oral health. Despite these encouraging figures, concerning gaps in knowledge persist, with 39.9% uncertain about the diabetes-periodontal disease relationship and only 56.6% aware that diabetes can lead to such conditions. Additionally, about 79.5% understand the effects of diabetes on oral health, yet 64.2% have not been informed by their dentists about existing periodontal diseases, pointing to a communication gap. Knowledge levels vary, with 38.8% exhibiting moderate knowledge and 22.7% showing a low level of understanding. The awareness of periodontal risks is similarly uneven, with 43.4% reporting low awareness.

Conclusion: The study revealed significant gaps in the understanding of the relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease among diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. While 84.2% of respondents are aware of the connection between gum health and diabetes, and 85.0% recognize that diabetes heightens the risk of periodontal disease, a notable 39.9% remain uncertain about this link, and only 56.6% are aware of how diabetes can lead to periodontal issues. This inconsistency in knowledge underscores the need for comprehensive educational initiatives targeting diabetic patients.