ASSESSMENT OF SLEEP QUALITY IN PATIENTS WITH NASAL SEPTAL DEVIATION (NSD) IN SAUDI ARABIA

Abstract

Background: Nasal septal deviation (NSD) is a common anatomic finding that may cause a subjective complaint of nasal obstruction. Past studies have shown that NSD is prevalent in people of all ages, ranging from 0.93% to 55%. The majority of the clinical characteristics associated with NSD are caused by one side of the nasal cavity being entirely closed and the nasal mucosa on the deviated portion being excessively exposed to air. Previous studies show patients with deviated nasal septum show higher results on PSQI scale. This research is needed because there is a significant lack of studies focusing on the quality of sleep in patients with nasal septum deviation especially in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: To assess the impact of nasal septal deviation on sleep and to assess sleep quality among these patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Saudi Arabia from July to December 2024. The study’s population consisted of Saudi NSD patients aged 18-65 who had not had nasal surgery or major intervention. individuals with other sleep disorders, prior nasal surgery, other nasal conditions, severe chronic illnesses, those on medications affecting sleep, or individuals who refuse to participate was excluded. The sample size was calculated by a formula with a 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error which resulted in a minimum sample size is 384 participants. Results: The study assessed sleep quality in 567 patients with nasal septal deviation (NSD) in Saudi Arabia, revealing significant findings. A majority (84.5%) reported poor sleep quality, with 39.2% struggling to fall asleep multiple times weekly. Notably, 67.0% experienced moderate to severe nasal blockage, impacting overall sleep. The analysis indicated a statistically significant relationship between sleep quality and factors such as age, gender, and monthly income, while nasal blockage correlated with age and income as well. These findings underscore the critical link between NSD and sleep disturbances, highlighting the need for further research and clinical intervention. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the significant impact of nasal septal deviation on sleep quality among patients in Saudi Arabia. The high prevalence of sleep disturbances, as indicated by elevated PSQI scores and the correlation with nasal obstruction severity, highlights the need for comprehensive evaluations and interventions for individuals suffering from NSD.