A DETAILED OVERVIEW OF EXTRA PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND ITS DIAGNOSTIC METHODS

Abstract

A hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) in human body leading to Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). About 25% of Tuberculosis (TB) cases involved EPTB by the spread through blood and lymphatic routesfurther outspread to other organs. EPTB most usually affects the lymphatic system.In the event of necrotic lymph nodes and other organ-specific imaging abnormalities, the likelihood of detecting EPTB increases.In cases of necrotic lymph nodes and other organ-specific imaging abnormalities, the likelihood of detecting EPTB increases. Immunosuppressed individuals exhibit the most pronounced central nervous system infection spread. The precise diagnosis might be challenging to make since clinical symptoms and imaging test results may be ambiguous. It is often required to involve invasive diagnostic testing for the collected biological samples. The cultures arestill gold standard methods as a stable detection of mycobacterial DNA despite the use of advance molecular methods as an early diagnosis. The EPTB treatment has 6 months antibiotic regimens similar to pulmonary tuberculosis. Further drug extension is advice solely in MTB affectingcentral nervous systems.The amount of microbial level and its position affect the susceptibility and accuracy of traditional examination techniques. It is usually necessary to gather source using invasive methods for histopathological and microbiology investigation.