KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AMONG UNIVERSITY FEMALE STUDENTS IN JAZAN, SAUDI ARABIA

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a significant global public health issue, affecting over 1.62 billion people, or approximately 25% of the global population, in both developed and developing countries. Previous research has shown a high prevalence of IDA and associated health risks among female university students in Saudi Arabia.[3] This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of IDA among female students at the University of Jazan, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 156 female students aged 19 to over 27 years. Data were collected on the participants' diet, health status, sociodemographic information, and hematological and biochemical markers of iron status. Statistical analysis was used to identify IDA risk factors. The findings revealed that while 64.7% of the students had some knowledge of iron deficiency, only 35.3% were fully aware of the risks and implications of IDA. This research provides important insights that can inform public health strategies to improve the health and well-being of female university students in Jazan. The results suggest that local dietary habits and cultural traditions may not always emphasize iron-rich foods. The limited variety and low iron content in traditional meals could increase the risk of anemia. Additionally, cultural beliefs and taboos surrounding certain foods may further restrict dietary choices, making it difficult for individuals to consume sufficient iron.