CURRENT PERSPECTIVES ON TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR FISTULA IN ANO: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF VARIOUS TREATMENT MODALITIES OF FISTULA IN ANO

Abstract

An abnormal hollow tract or cavity with granulation tissue lining that connects the anal canal's primary entrance to the perianal skin's secondary opening is known as a fistula-in-ano. Secondary tracts may branch off from the same primary opening and may be numerous. It is a well-known chronic suppurative condition with persistent perianal pus discharge, frequent exacerbations, and recurrences after treatment. Fistula-in-ano is most commonly caused by infection that spreads from perirectal abscess to the anal crypt glands.Symptoms can range from mild discomfort and discharge that cause hygiene issues to sepsis, and they frequently have a substantial impact on quality of life. Fistula-in-ano therapy is still difficult.Surgery is the preferred method of treatment since it can drain an infection, seal a fistulous tract, stop the spread of the disease and retain the function of the anal sphincter. Additionally, it must be acknowledged that much more research is necessary to understand the etiopathology of fistula in ano, the position of tracks, and the nature and extent of surgical procedures. Because of this, there is still a lot to discover about this condition's research and treatment in general. Fistulectomy is the preferred treatment for fistula-in-ano by most surgeons. The success rate can be increased by choosing a specific operation for each patient. A study analyzed the effectiveness of surgical treatment in terms of relief, wound healing, recurrence, and post-operative complications, including functional anal defects. The review of fistula in ano from texts and other review articles available on Research Gate, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. served as the foundation for this study. The current article aims to compile and review the disease; fistula in ano. The information gathered supports the idea of fistula in ano. Additionally, it emphasises the significance of its diagnosis andtreatment. Fistulas appear as a result of persistent neglect combined with an infection of the sebaceous gland or hair follicle. The main symptom is pus discharge from the perianal region. There may be a link between Bhagandar(Fistula in Ano) and this illness. Ayurvedicparasurgical procedures for Bhagandara include Ksharsutra and Agnikarma, for instance. Every type of Bhagandara, excluding Pitaja, suggests Agnikarma. Fistula in ano is a condition that needs to be addressed because it is very common in humans.